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CPS1254 Yu Jin et al.
undermine people's incentives to accumulate human capital, bury potential
talents, and make people lose enthusiasm for hard work, thus hindering
sustained economic growth. Finally, too high degree of inequality of
opportunity will intensify people's " enrichment " mentality, which is not
conducive to social harmony and stability. Therefore, it is imperative to explore
the problem of inequality of opportunity.
This paper uses the existing methods of measuring inequality opportunity,
selects several different measurement indicators, and uses the data of China
General Social Survey from 2003 to 2013(except 2004, 2007 and 2009) to
measure the opportunity inequality in income inequality. At the same time, it
studies the difference of inequality of opportunity in different areas, different
gender, different household registration and different family background, and
the bias effect of the above "environment" factors on inequality opportunity.
The results show that inequality of opportunity faced by our residents in the
process of earning income shows an upward trend. And the growth rate of
inequality of opportunity is significantly faster than income inequality’s, with
the relative value rising rapidly from nearly 30% in 2003 to nearly 60% in
2013.It can be seen that the effect of individual effort on the level of income
is weakening.
Solving the problem of inequality of opportunity in the process of earning
income is the key to narrowing the income gap of our residents. To eliminate
the objective environmental factors is the essence of ensuring inequality of
opportunity. The unfair distribution of resources led by power has resulted in
inequality of opportunity in the process of employment. The social and
economic status of parents and their social relations play a decisive role in
their children's work and income. Individuals with a good family background
tend to have a great competitive advantage, and this influence is often passed
on from generation to generation, resulting in a pattern of "good always good,
but bad hard to get ahead". In order to ensure inequality of opportunity, we
must break this pattern, avoid the "family background"、"family relations" and
other factors to determine personal development, and stop the "family
background" and "family relations" in the intergenerational unreasonable
transfer. The solutions are as follows: Firstly, state-owned enterprises and
institutions as "disaster areas" should improve the open recruitment system to
ensure that the recruitment process is transparent; Secondly, the supervision
mechanism should be introduced to ensure the healthy competition of the
labor force in the job market.

References
1. Chen Dong, Huang Xufeng,. To what extent does inequality of
opportunity affect income inequality? - Based on the perspective of
intergenerational transfer [J]. Economic Review.2015(1):317.

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