Page 220 - Invited Paper Session (IPS) - Volume 2
P. 220

IPS215 Elizabeth S. et al.
                  females were more likely to select better preparation for exams and to improve
                  grades, without having a longer term goal in terms of career prospects.
                      Improving  the  views  of  what  is  meant  by  a  capable  mathematician  or
                  statistician could encourage more females to study mathematics and statistics
                  subjects  and  participate  more  in  STEM  based  careers  with  a  mathematics
                  focus. Gender equity should try to make female participation in mathematics
                  a priority by changing the views of a male dominated area. Improved support
                  from mentors such as teachers and parents may help counteract what appears
                  to still be a male dominated field in order to encourage girls to feel confident
                  and  less  anxious  to  succeed  in  mathematics  areas.  This  could  also  have
                  implications for national policies to offer incentives to help promote female
                  participation in STEM male dominated areas via secondary school teachers
                  potentially  redesigning  courses  and  assessments  to  help  promote  female
                  student participation and confidence as well as initiatives aimed at parents as
                  they also influence student career paths, while also addressing the shortage
                  of females in these areas.

                  References
                  1.  Manyika J., Chui M., Brown B., Bughin J., Dobbs R., Roxburgh C., and
                      Byers A H. (2011). Big data: The next frontier for innovation, competition,
                      and productivity.  Retrieved from:
                      http://www.mckinsey.com/insights/business_technology/big_data_the_n
                      ext_frontier_for_innovation.
                  2.  Karp P. (2016). Pisa results: Australian students' science, maths and
                      reading in long-term decline, The Guardian. Retrieved from:
                      https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2016/dec/06/pisa-
                      resultsaustralian-students-science-maths-and-reading-in-long-term-
                      decline.
                  3.  Thomson S., De Bortoli L., Underwood, C. (2017). Programme for
                      International Student Assessment (PISA). PISA 2015: Reporting
                      Australia’s results by Australian Council for Educational Research Ltd
                      www.acer.org/ozpisa/reports/ © Australian Council for Educational
                      Research Ltd.
                  4.  OECD (2013). PISA 2012 Results: What Students Know and Can Do
                      (Volume I): Student Performance in Mathematics, Reading and Science
                      OECD Publishing.
                  5.  O’Dea R.E., Lagisz M., Jennions M.D., Nakagawa S. (2018). Gender
                      differences in individual variation in academic grades fail to fit expected
                      patterns for STEM. Nature Communications. 9, 3777.
                  6.  Wang M. T. and Degol J. L. Gender gap in science, technology,
                      engineering, and mathematics (stem): current knowledge, implications



                                                                     207 | I S I   W S C   2 0 1 9
   215   216   217   218   219   220   221   222   223   224   225