Page 267 - Special Topic Session (STS) - Volume 1

STS429 Valentina Stoevska
Other related concepts include:
- Employment in the non‐environmental sector created thanks to greening:
This refers to employment in economic units that supply goods and
services to the environmental sector.
- Employment in low carbon economic units and energy efficient
enterprises: This refers to employment in units that have low carbon
emissions (e.g. employment in green buildings) and to employment in
enterprises that are more energy efficient than most of the enterprises
within the same economic activity.
- ‘Green work’: This refers to all work involved in production of
environmental goods and services. It includes employment, voluntary work
and own‐use production work4 to produce environmental goods and
services.

3. Sources of data on employment in the environmental sector
Employment in the environmental sector and green jobs can be estimated
by using data from inventories, regular statistical surveys and censuses; and
specialized statistical modules, surveys and censuses, including subsample
surveys.
Each source has its advantages and disadvantages. The suitability of each
source should be evaluated on the basis of:
• size and importance of the environmental sector, or parts of this
sector;
• efficiency of data collection (extent and level of detail needed for
the analysis and relative cost in terms of resources and time to
collect these data); and
• data quality (in terms of coverage, comprehensiveness and
comparability).
Additional consideration to be taken into account are (a) Scope of the
assessment, (b) Definitions, (c) type of jobs to be covered (e.g. direct, Indirect,
Induced), (e) Net or Gross employment effect (job creation, substitution, job
elimination, job transformation), etc.
In practice, different approaches may complement each other. Some parts
of employment and economic activity in the environmental sector may be
gauged by using data derived from existing regular statistical surveys (e.g.,
labour force surveys (LFS)) or administrative records (e.g., records maintained
by industry associations or by government ministries or agencies), while others
may require new data collection. Where the data compiled are incomplete,

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