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CPS2099 Takatsugu Yoshioka et al.



                   as (Ni -1)’s tend to infinity. In our derivation, we consider the stochastic
                                   ̂
               expansions of  ̂ and Σ in terms of






                   Note that the stochastic expansions are derived under  =  = 0 and
                                                                             0
               Σ =   . Then, the Hotelling’s T  type statistic can be written as
                                            2
                    

                                            ̂
                   and√ − 2  and ( − 2)Cov( ) can be expanded as


























                                                      2
               respectively. Therefore, the Hotelling’s T  type statistic can be expanded as


               For details, see Kawasaki and Seo (2016). Using this results and assuming the
               standard regularity condition  / = (1),  = 1,2,  we can write
                                             


               By approximating the distribution of U as



               we have




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