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CPS1851 Hee Young Chung et al.
            substrata. That is, dividing the stratum by auxiliary variable into substrata gives
                                                                            1
            the  value  of  the  weight   .  Also  using   ( | ,  ) =     ( | ,  )    and
                                                                
                                                                   
                                                          
                                         
                                                             
                                                                           
                                                                              
                                                                                
             ( | ,  ) ≈   from Pfeffermann and Sverchkov (2003) and   obtained by
              
                                                                          
                             
                      
                    
                 
            substrata, we can construct the following model.

                                         1
                                    log (  ) =  +   +                   (5)
                                                             
                                                0
                                                      1 
                                          
            Finally,   can be estimated using (5).
                     1

            3.  Estimation of bias on a linear non-response rate model
            a.    Sample distribution and bias estimation
                 In this study we consider the error of the super population model follows
            the normal distribution and the population distribution is given by (2).  Also,
            we consider the linear response rate model as follows.

                                      ( | ,  ) =  +               (6)
                                            
                                                     0
                                                          1 
                                          
                                      
                                               
            Then simply we have the following result.

                          ( | ) =   ( ( | ,  )) =  ( +   | )
                                 
                                                          
                                             
                                                                       
                                          
                                                  
                                                                  1 
                                                             0
                           
                                                
                              
                                                                                (7)
                                   =  +   ( | )
                                      0
                                            1 
                                                 
                                                    
            Now, using the equations (6) and (7), we get the following result.

                                   ( | ,  )   +  
                                           =   0  1                   (8)
                                    ( | )   +   ( | )
                                          
                                                 0
                                       
                                    
                                                            
                                                       1 
                                                               
            Substituting equation (8) into equation (1), the following result is obtained.

                                     +  
                                     0
                                          1 
                     ( | ) =   +    ( | )   ( | )
                          
                        
                     
                                                   
                                                      
                                                         
                                                
                                      1  
                                0
                                             
                              0                           1
                   =                     ( | ) +                    ( | )
                      +    ( | )         +    ( | )       
                                   
                                                          1  
                                                                 
                                                                    
                           1  
                      0
                                                     0
                                     
                      ∗
            Now let  ( | ) be a distribution of    ( | ). Then it becomes simply the
                           
                                                          
                         
                     
                                                   
                                                       
            following form.

                                                 
                                                  0
                               ( | ) =   +    ( | )   ( | )
                                                                  
                                    
                                                                
                                                             
                               
                                  
                                          0    1                        (9)
                                             
                                             1 
                                                         ∗
                                  +                      ( | )
                                      +    ( | )      
                                                  
                                      0
                                                     
                                           1  
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