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IPS320 Monica D. C. et al.
In the case of employees with MPWR, the third-party enterprise serves
as the employer, responsible for hiring and paying the wages to the workers
while also mediating the temporary or permanent relationship between the
employee and the user enterprise. The user enterprise is responsible for
supervising the work of the employees. Moreover, the main place of work is
usually the premises of the user enterprise.
There are two main groups of employees with MPWR, namely agency
workers and employees providing outsourced services. In some countries, a
third group may also be identified, namely workers in employment promotion
schemes. According to the Resolution, agency workers are defined as
dependent workers supplied by an agency to work for another enterprise
under the supervision of the user enterprise. They are employed by private
employment agencies, such as labour hire agencies, temporary employment
agencies, or others that hire and make workers available to user enterprises
but do not supervise the work. Employees providing outsourced services
are hired as employees by one enterprise to provide, on a regular basis,
specific services that their employer has contracted to provide to another
enterprise or to a household, at the premises of and usually under the partial
supervision of the client. Employers may include for example nursing agencies,
domestic or office cleaning service providers, security service providers and
information technology services providers. Workers in employment
promotion schemes are workers provided and paid by a government agency
to perform work for another economic unit as part of a government-funded
employment promotion programme.
Intermediated Platform work. While there is no recognized international
statistical standard definition of intermediated platform work (IPW) or
similar concepts, it is thought in general to refer to employment that is
organized or mediated through an Internet platform when the worker is not
an employee (from a statistical measurement standpoint) of the enterprise
operating the platform. Other terms that have been used to designate this
4
type of work in recent reports or by the media are digital labour platform work,
gig economy work and electronically mediated work.
At this early stage of the research, it seems that the status in employment
categories associated with IPW could be dependent contractors and
employers, but not employees or contributing family workers. However,
further research is necessary to fully substantiate this. The outcome will have
direct implications on the measurement approach in surveys that identify the
status in employment.

4 ILO, 2018. Conceptual framework for statistics on work relationships, Room Document 5
presented to the 20th International Conference of Labour Statisticians, Geneva.
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