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STS410 Abdul Ghapor H. et al.
                     For FDMCEC of each value of   , we find the best fit using the least square
                  method to obtain the power series equation. Figures 1 to 3 show the power
                  series graphs of 5% upper percentile for concentration parameters are 10, 15
                  and 20, respectively with their cut-off equation y. We consider 95% confidence
                  level and thus the cut-off equation is to be at 5% significance level.

                                   0.012
                                 5% upper percentile  0.008  y = 0.1171n -0.8
                                    0.01

                                                   R² = 0.9897
                                   0.006
                                   0.004
                                   0.002
                                      0
                                        0        50       100      150       200
                                                           n

                    Figure 1 The power series graph for FDMCEC to determine the cut-off equation for  = 10

                                   0.008
                                  5% upper percentile  0.006  y = 0.0803n -0.82

                                                    R² = 0.9954
                                   0.004
                                   0.002

                                      0
                                         0       50       100      150      200
                                                           n

                    Figure 2 The power series graph for FDMCEC to determine the cut-off equation for  = 15

















                    Figure 3 The power series graph for FDMCEC to determine the cut-off equation for  = 20

                  3.  Results
                     To assess the power of performance of the cut-off equations developed in
                  the previous section, another simuation study is done with an outlier planted
                  to the generated data set. The steps in the simulation are described and the


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