Page 139 - Special Topic Session (STS) - Volume 4

STS571 Sarpono et al.
Indonesia with neighboring countries that are traditional, so there is no
recording of people entering and leaving Indonesian territory. Therefore, to
obtain a complete and up-to-date data on foreign tourists, data collection was
carried out to calculate the number of foreign tourists visiting these border
areas. With the addition of these data, the data of foreign tourists visiting have
more coverage and can describe the actual conditions of foreign tourists. To
increase the data coverage on the number of foreign tourist visits, especially
in border areas that have not been recorded, the BPS Statistics Indonesia and
Ministry of Tourism tries to improve the methodology to calculate the number
of foreign tourists visiting through the border gates using big data, namely
Mobile Positioning Data (MPD) since October 2016. MPD is used in cross
border posts in districts where immigration checks are not available and cross-
border postal surveys are difficult due to geographical conditions.
This paper shows that combining big and small data will provide optimal
results. We used mobile positioning data about roaming activities of cross-
border tourists in Indonesia at border areas and mobile usage survey
conducted at the borders in order to know the motivations for cross-border
movements (both roamers and non-roamers). Then, we come up with the
formula that combines big and small data to obtain the best result for tourism
statistics.

2. Methodology
Statistical office, currently, has a challenge to adapt to the rapid
technological changes, which produce big data. The main challenges for big
data for official statistics is obtaining the data sources. The main and
considered as one of the gold standard sources of big data is Mobile Call Data
Record. Several information can be obtained from Call Detail Record (CDR)
such as the location, duration, the phone type, etc. Having this broad
information, the use of CDR now not only limited for mobile transaction
purpose. Broad range of the CDR use from Business, politics, education to
official statistics. Šćepanović et al (2015) showed how the Mobile Phone Call
Data can be used as a Regional Socio-Economic Proxy Indicator. Furthermore,
CDR can also be used for inferring people migration (Sniowski et.al 2016).
Statisticians are stimulated to use big data whether to complement official
statistics or to produce indicators. Big data offers great potential for
monitoring the sustainable development goals and it has been promoted as a
more timely and cheaper alternative to traditional sources of official data
(Abdulkadri, Evans, and Ash, 2016). Better decision-making and real-time
citizen feedback as the result of more diverse, integrated, timely and
trustworthy information which in turn enables everyone to make choices that
are good for them and for world they live in (Morales et.al., 2014).
Mobile positioning data (MPD) is considered as one of the most promising
big data that can be used for official statistics. Statistics Netherlands studied

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