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CPS1970 Nurul Aityqah Y. et al.
Poisson distribution (Booth et al., 2006). Booth, Maindonald, & Smith (2002),
also suggested to adopt a maximum likelihood approach in adjustment of .

3. Results
The parameters , and were estimated by using the SVD method.

Figure 1 shows the comparison of the parameter estimation for the LC model
and its extensions. As expected the average mortality ( ) grows when age

increases. The parameter describes the tendency of mortality at age to

change as the general level of mortality ( ) changes. This indicates that when

is large for some , the death rate at age varies a lot than the general

level of mortality changes and when small, then the death rate is at that

age varies a little.
From Figure 1, a similar trend of parameters was observed for the LC model
and its extensions. appears to be highest at younger ages for male, female

and total population, which means that the mortality varies when the general
mortality index changes.

Figure 1: Comparison of parameter estimations
With regard to older age groups, the value of this parameter is lower,
which means that the mortality slightly varies in that period of time. Finally, as
expected, shows a decreasing trend with increment of time, .

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