Page 237 - Contributed Paper Session (CPS) - Volume 4

CPS2214 Riyanti S. et al.
observed for Canada where female LFPR increased from 52.1 per cent (1982)
to 61.3 per cent (2018) while male LFPR decreased from 77.1 per cent (1982)
to 69.6 per cent (2018). The female LFPR in the Unites States of America went
up from 52.6 per cent (1982) to 57.1 per cent (2018) as opposed to male LFPR
which went down from 76.6 per cent (1982) to 69.1 per cent (2018). In France,
female LFPR rose from 41.8 per cent in 1982 to 51.6 per cent in 2018 while
male LFPR within similar period reduced from 68.7 per cent to 60.3 per cent.
Within the Asia Pacific region, Japan registered female LFPR of 52.5 per cent
in 2018 as against 48.0 per cent in 1982. On the other hand, male LFPR
declined to 71.2 per cent compared to 79.5 per cent in 1982. LFPR of female
in Singapore improved from 45.2 per cent in 1982 to 59.8 per cent in 2017,
while male LFPR within the same period decreased from 81.5 per cent to 76
per cent.
Therefore, this paper aims to assess the male and female LFPR in Malaysia
and describe the LFPR of both groups by sociodemographic characteristics. It
is hoped that the findings will be able to shed some light on how far Malaysia
has grown in terms of encouraging female participation within the labour
market. Subsequently, this could spark further concern to facilitate and sustain
female in the labour market within the context of decent work and providing
work life balance to ensure viable economic and social growth for Malaysia.

2. Methodology
The study utilised data of the Labour Force Survey (LFS) conducted by
DOSM. Demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of population in and
outside the labour force was profiled using LFS data for selected years
between 1982 and 2018. LFS was conducted through household approach to
produce national and states estimates of labour force, employment and
unemployment. The survey adopted a stratified two stage sampling design.
The first stage unit of sample selection is the enumeration blocks (EBs)
consisting of 80 to 120 living quarters (LQs), while the second stage unit was
the LQs within the EBs. All persons in the selected LQs were canvassed. The
detailed methods of LFS are available in the LFS Report (DOSM, 2019c). The
sample units were systematically drawn with equal probability of being
selected at every stage of selection. The response rates of the annual LFS were
more than 85 per cent for all the years involved. Analyses were based on the
household members aged 15 to 64 in the LFS data sets. Additionally, the
statistics on demographic transition of the population was obtained from the
population projections based on the 2010 Population and Housing Census.
Labour force refers to population in the working age group of 15 to 64
who are either employed or unemployed. Malaysia presently maintained the
maximum age limit of 64 years in line with the population structure (DOSM,
2019c). LFPR is the ratio of labour force to the working age population

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