Page 240 - Contributed Paper Session (CPS) - Volume 4

CPS2214 Riyanti S. et al.
The overall and male LFPRs in 1982 and 2018 across age groups (Chart 3.2)
portrayed a somewhat reversed “U” shape. High LFPRs were recorded among
the ‘prime age’ of 25 to 54 years old while lower LFPRs were registered by
youth aged 15 to 24 and those aged 55 and older. Although LFPR for female
seemed to peak at the prime age, the pattern was not the same as national
and male LFPRs. In 1982, the LFRP peaked at the age group of 20-24, and later
again was high for the age group of 40-44. However, this was not evident
when pattern of female LFPR in 2018 is observed. Instead, female LFPR in 2018
was the highest for age group 25-29 years old with a gradual downward
pattern thereafter.
LFPR by marital status at two points of time is shown in Table 3.2. As a
whole, LFPR for all marital status went up within the period of 1982 and 2018
except for those never married. However, an interesting observation worth
noting was the within the period, LFRP of married and widowed male declined
3.9 percentage points and 3.6 percentage points respectively. In the case of
female, the LFPR of those who were married surged 18.1 percentage points to
57.3 per cent. In addition, the LFPR of divorced/permanently separated female
went up 12.7 percentage points (79.1%) while widowed female posted
increase of 5.9 percentage points (48.1%).
In 1982, the highest LFPR was registered for those with tertiary education
at 79.1 per cent while those with no formal education posted the lowest LFPR
at 56.8 per cent. Although no formal education continued to post the lowest
LFPR, the highest LPFR was posted by those with primary education at 70.7
per cent. The highest male LFPR was recorded for those with primary
education at 94.7 per cent in 1982 and 89.3 per cent in 2018. The highest
female LFPR was recorded for those with tertiary education in 1982 (70.2%)
and 2018 (64.3%). Nevertheless, female LFPR with tertiary education dropped
5.9 percentage points in 2018 while LFPR for those with primary education and
secondary education registered increases of 5.5 percentage points and 8.6
percentage points respectively.

Chart 3.2: LFPR by sex and age group, Malaysia, 1982 & 2018

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