Page 88 - Contributed Paper Session (CPS) - Volume 7

CPS2035 Noor Ismawati et al.
estate activities, the proportion of non‐citizen employees was decreasing over
the years but their earning increase significantly since 2013. The same
scenarios can also be seen among non‐citizen employee who were working in
M ‐ Professional, scientific and technical activities.
Among the Malaysian citizen employees, those who were working in P –
Education earns the highest followed by O ‐ Public administration and defence;
compulsory social security and M ‐ Professional, scientific and technical
activities. At these three industries, almost all of the employees were Malaysian
and their earning increases every year.

Figure 5: The distribution of earning with share of labor by citizenship by selected years.

4. Discussion and Conclusion
The paper described the distribution of the paid employees in the country
based on industry, citizenship and monthly earning of their primary
occupation. Based on data collected in 2010 until 2017, on average 63 percent
of the citizen employees worked in five industries which comprised of
manufacturing sector, construction sector and three industries under other
sectors. Almost all of the non-citizen which comprised of less than 9 percent
of the sample works in agriculture sector, manufacturing sector, construction
sector and another 2 industries under other sectors. This percentage is higher
as compared with UK at 12.8 percent in 2017(Rienzo, 2018), US at 14 percent
in 2002 (Capps et al., 2003) and Canada at 23.8 percent in 2016 (2017). One
the reason could be due the strict definition of employee and the its
exclusions. In general the proportion of non-citizen employees were small and
their earning is comparatively lower. However in certain industries, these
group of employees earns significantly higher as compared with their colleges
especially in three other sectors namely, J - Information and communication,
L - Real estate activities and M - Professional, scientific and technical activities.
The data also shows that the gap of citizen with non-citizen employee and
earning in A - Agriculture, forestry and fishing is relatively small. The paper

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