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IPS169 Gaby U.
                  development of policy solutions also requires a broader, if not holistic, and in
                  any  case  multidimensional  approach  to  cover  the  facets  of  the  political
                  challenges at hand.
                     This  increase  of  complexity  goes  hand-in-hand  with  an  increasing
                  contestation of expertise and experts leading to the paradoxical situation that
                  ‘expert advice is being sought with growing urgency across a proliferating
                  array of policy and public questions. At the same time, and often on the same
                  issues, the legitimacy of evidence and expertise has rarely been so fiercely
                  contested’ (Gluckman and Wilsdon 2016). The gap between demand for and
                  (contestation of) supply of data evidence and expertise hence widens to an
                  alarming  extent  for  the  data  science  and  policy-making  communities.
                  Increased  research  activities  on  trust  in  politics  and  data  science
                  communication are hence necessary.

                  References
                  1.  Bannister, J., & O’Sullivan, A. (2014). Evidence and the antisocial behaviour
                      policy cycle. Evidence & Policy, 10(1), 77–92.
                  2.  Bhuta, N., Malito, D. V., & Umbach, G. (2014). Representing, Reducing or
                      Removing Complexity: Indicators of Sustainability and Fiscal
                      Sustainability (Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies Working
                      Paper, 2014/78). Florence: European University Institute.
                  3.  Bowker, G. C., & Susan Leigh Star, S. (1999). Sorting Things Out:
                      Classification and Its Consequences. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
                  4.  Bradley, C. (2015). International Organizations and the Production of
                      Indicators: The Case of Freedom House. In S. E. Merry, K. E. Davis & B.
                      Kingsbury (Eds.). The Quiet Power of Indicators: Measuring Governance,
                      Corruption, and Rule of Law (pp. 27-74). Cambridge: Cambridge
                      University Press.
                  5.  Broome, A., & Quirk, J. (2015a). The Politics of Numbers: The Normative
                      Agendas of Global Benchmarking. Review of International Studies, 41 (5),
                      813-818.
                  6.  Cairney, Paul (2016). The Politics of Evidence-Based Policy Making,
                      Palgrave.
                  7.  Cairney, Paul / Oliver, Kathryn (2017). Evidence-based policymaking is
                      not like evidence-based medicine, so how far should you go to bridge
                      the divide between evidence and policy? Health Research Policy and
                      Systems (HARPS).
                  8.  Castellani, T., Valente, A., Cori, L., & Bianchi, F. (2016). Detecting the use
                      of evidence in a meta-policy. Evidence & Policy, 12(1), 91–107.
                  9.  Chalmers, Iain (2005): If evidence-informed policy works in practice, does
                      it matter if it doesn’t work in theory? Evidence & Policy: A Journal of
                      Research, Debate and Practice 1(2), pp. 227–242.

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