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IPS175 Jillian C. et al.
Tier III: no agreed methodology or methodological testing is still underway”
(UN, n.d.).
There is no agreed definition of which indicators and targets should be
included in the environmental dimension of sustainable development.
Different definitions of environment-related have been used in different
analysis. The environmental-dimension of development often has focused on
specific goals such as climate change (SDG 13), water (SDG 6), energy (SDG 7),
consumption and production (SDG 12), land (SDG 15) or oceans (SDG 14)
(ISSC, 2015; Lim et al., 2018). The analysis in this paper is based on a
classification of SDG indicators which was included as a background document
for a committee of the UN Environment Assembly (UN Environment, 2018) and
in the 6th Global Environment Outlook (UN Environment, 2019a). This list was
then categorized into four indicator types: indicators related to (1)
mechanisms, enabling environment or policy; (2) change in behaviour or
consumption or production patterns; (3) environmental state and trends; and
(4) linkages between people and the environment (access to natural resources,
vulnerability to climate change and disasters, environmental mortality, etc.).
To assess data availability, the country, regional and global data in the SDG
global database was used. For indicators lacking a global or regional
aggregate, an algorithm developed by UN Environment for aggregating data
was used (UN Environment, n.d.). The aggregation procedure is only
completed if at least 30% of the total population, area, GDP or countries
(depending on the weight of the indicator) have a data point for the year being
aggregated and 70% must have either a valid data point or a data point within
5 years which can be used for extrapolation or interpolation. For each country,
region and at the global level, a determination on sufficient or insufficient data
was based on the results of this algorithm or of country-level data as follows:
at least one data point for 2010 or later and at least one other data point
between 2000 and 2018 for trend analysis.

Table 1. List of environment related SDG indicators by type
Type List of environment-related SDG indicators
Behavior and SCP 2.4.1, 6.4.1, 6.4.2, 7.1.2, 7.2.1, 7.3.1, 8.4.1, 8.4.2, 9.4.1, 11.3.1, 11.6.1,
12.2.1, 12.2.2, 12.3.1, 12.4.2, 12.5.1, 15.7.1 and 15.c.1
Environmental 2.5.2, 6.3.2, 6.6.1, 11.6.2, 14.1.1, 14.3.1, 14.4.1, 15.1.1, 15.3.1, 15.4.2 and
State or Trend 15.5.1
Mechanisms, 1.4.2, 1.5.3, 1.5.4, 2.5.1, 4.7.1, 5.a.1, 6.5.1, 6.5.2, 6.a.1, 6.b.1, 7.a.1, 7.b.1,
enabling 11.3.2, 11.4.1, 11.b.1, 11.b.2, 11.c.1, 12.1.1, 12.4.1, 12.6.1, 12.7.1, 12.8.1,
environment and 12.a.1, 12.b.1, 12.c.1, 13.1.2, 13.1.3, 13.2.1, 13.3.1, 13.3.2, 13.a.1, 13.b.1,
policy 14.2.1, 14.5.1, 14.6.1, 14.a.1, 14.c.1, 15.1.2, 15.2.1, 15.4.1, 15.6.1, 15.8.1,
15.9.1, 15.a.1, 15.b.1, 16.8.1, 17.6.1, 17.7.1, 17.9.1 and 17.14.1
People and the 1.5.1, 1.5.2, 3.9.1, 3.9.2, 3.9.3, 6.1.1, 6.3.1, 8.9.2, 11.2.1, 11.5.1, 11.5.2,
Environment 11.7.1, 13.1.1 and 14.7.1

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