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STS452 Yang C. et al.
                      that the value-added created by per unit input of medium-sized firms is
                      higher than that of large-sized firms.

                      3.2 Roles of different sized firms in the China’s export
                          In this section, we use the extended Chinese input-output table, to
                      explore  the  value-added  exports  as  well  as  export-embodied  carbon
                      emission  of  different  sized  firms  in  China.  Table  4  shows  the  main
                      indicators of export calculated by this LMS model.

                             Table 4 Major export indicators for the industrial sector
                                     Value-     Export    Value-    Per export   Carbon emissions
                                     added    embodied     added    embodied        of
                                     export     carbon   per export   carbon    per value-added
                                      share    emissions            emissions      export
                                                share              (t CO 2 /RMB)  (t CO 2 /10  RMB)
                                                                                      4
                        Large firm   44.05%     45.62%     0.65       1.82          2.82
                        Medium firm   31.37%    29.57%     0.78       1.99          2.56
                        Small firm   24.58%     24.80%     0.76       2.09          2.74

                          We estimate that China’s total value-added that generated by export
                      in 2012 were 10338 billion RMB, accounting for 19.26% of China’s total
                      value-added.  Meanwhile,  the  total  export-embodied  carbon  emissions
                      were  2487  MtCO2,  which  occupied  21.17%  of  the  China’s  total  CO2
                      emissions.  Specific  to  industrial  sectors,  the  corresponding  values  are
                      40.01% and 40.83%, respectively. Of  these value-added and embodied
                      carbon emissions that generated by export in industrial sectors, large firms
                      contributed 44.05% and 45.62% respectively, playing a dominant position.
                          It can be concluded from Table 4 that medium-sized firms had the
                      highest value-added of 7,800 RMB that generated by 10,000 RMB export,
                      which indicates that in China's foreign trade, the value-added generated
                      by per export of medium-sized firms is higher than that of large-sized
                      firms and small-sized firms in the industrial sector. It is worth noting that
                      the  value-added  per  export  of  large-sized  firms  is  the  lowest,  which
                      deserves close attention in China's foreign trade in the future. For  the
                      embodied carbon emissions generated by per export, small-sized firms
                      had the highest per export embodied carbon emissions, while large firms
                      had the lowest value. This illustrates that the carbon emissions generated
                      by the export production of small-sized firms are the highest, which is
                      closely related to the technological level and production mode of small-
                      sized firms. It is worth noting that for carbon emissions of per value-added
                      export, medium-sized firms produced the lowest carbon emissions per
                      10,000 RMB value-added export, which is 2.56 tons. Carbon emissions of
                      per value-added export can effectively measure the environmental costs


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