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CPS1874 Yiyao Chen et al.




















               Figure 2: Observed (blue) and principal stratum (green) true positive rates
            (left) and the false positive rates (right) for a model built on the 3480 biopsied
            participants of the PLCO and validated on the 3984 biopsied participants of
            SELECT. Pointwise 95% confidence intervals for the curves are shown on the
            graph.
                    We  have  herein  only  reported  on  the  operating  characteristics
            comprising the AUC under the simplest restrictions for biopsy in the always
            biopsied stratum. For future work we plan to extend the approach to more
            realistic  biopsy  schemes,  such  as  those  based  only  on  PSA,  the  leading
            indicator  used  for  biopsy  referral  in  clinical  practice,  as  well  as  to  other
            measures of validation, such as calibration.

            References
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            2.  Ankerst, D. P., et al. (2018). A contemporary prostate biopsy risk
                calculator based on multiple heterogeneous cohorts. European Urology,
                74(2), 197–203.
            3.  Debray, T. P., Vergouwe, Y., Koffijberg, H., Nieboer, D., Steyerberg, E. W.,
                & Moons, K. G. (2015). A new framework to enhance the interpretation of
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                Epidemiology, 68(3), 279–289.
            4.  Frangakis, C. E., & Rubin, D. B. (2002). Principal stratification in causal
                inference. Biometrics, 58(1), 21–29.
            5.  Klein, E. A., et al. (2011). Vitamin e and the risk of prostate cancer: the
                selenium and vitamin e cancer prevention trial (select). Journal of the
                American Medical Association, 306(14), 1549–1556.






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