Page 87 - Contributed Paper Session (CPS) - Volume 3

CPS1951 Zhu Y. et al.
government-sponsored research institutions, laboratories and centers; (2) for
the education sector, the scope of statistics is limited to those institutions
engaging in S&T activities in an organized manner, such as, colleges and
universities; (3) in terms of industry coverage, the industries conducting little
R&D activities are not incorporated into the scope of statistics; (4) set up the
starting point of surveys, set up the limiting conditions for the quantitative
indicators, such as, staff and expenditure, and include the objects only meeting
the survey starting point in the scope of statistics (see Table 2).

Table 2. R&D Statistics Scopes of Some Countries
Government sector Higher education sector Enterprises
R&D centers sponsored by
the federal government, All colleges and universities All enterprises with
US various federal with annual R&D budget the number of
government agencies & over US$150,000 employees over
their 5.
subordinated institutions;
state government
Comprehensive universalities,
Central & local junior colleges, research Enterprises
Japan government research institutes affiliated to with the
registered
institutes in natural universities, joint research capital over 10
science, social humanities institutions of universities,
laboratories million Yen
Relevant colleges &
universities, teachers’ All enterprises
Government research universities, art colleges, engaging in R&D
institutes, government- management colleges, activities
sponsored independent divinity schools, university (including those
Germany non-profit institutions and hospitals, federal and state doing so internally
independent research institutions belonging to or by entrusting
institutions affiliated to university budget engaging external R&D
colleges and universities. in college management or institutions with
college staff management. doing so).
Various departments in the Enterprises within
UK governments, local Estimations the scope of
governments registration
Notes: the private non-profit sector accounts for a very little proportion in the
total amount, which is not included in the table, due to lack of data.

2.3 Most countries use the complete survey on research institutes and
higher education institutions while the sample survey on enterprises
In terms of methodologies used by various countries for their R&D
statistics, there are mainly complete surveys, sample surveys and estimations.
And there are two scenarios for the complete survey. First is conducting the

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