Page 86 - Contributed Paper Session (CPS) - Volume 3

CPS1951 Zhu Y. et al.
enterprises, enterprises and public institutions in the scientific research and
specialized technology service industries as well as major service industries
use the complete enumeration on an annual basis, and data for other
industries for non-survey years using the previous census data as the
substitutes to ultimately got the consolidated national data.

2. Main features of R&D statistical systems of major developed
countries
Developed countries began their research on relevant concepts and
measurement methods for R&D activities in the early 1940s, and they split the
R&D statistics from the socioeconomic statistics during 1950s-1960s
according the conceptual framework in OECD’s Frascati Manual, and
established an independent statistics system.

2.1 Government agencies play an important part in R&D statistics
Generally speaking, R&D statistics of various countries are conducted by
their government agencies, although the R&D statistical organization
mechanism in some countries such as, Japan is characterized by coordination
between government and non-government institutions with the latter taking
the responsibility of statistics. And the R&D statistics organization
mechanisms of various countries can be divided, based on the nature of
department, into the following two categories: first is the government
comprehensive statistics department (i.e. Bureau of Statistics) responsibility
system, under which the Statistics and Survey Department of the Bureau of
Statistics of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications of Japan, for
instance, is responsible for organization and implementation, and in the case
of the U.K., the Department of Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy (BEIS)
takes the responsibility; second is the government agency managing or
financing S&T activities responsibility system , under which the National
Science Foundation (NSF)of the U.S. takes in charge of it, for instance.

2.2 Multiple measures are taken to limit the statistical scope within a
reasonable range
Statistics objects of various countries are basically divided into four
categories, which are enterprises, government agencies (including
government research institutes), higher education institutions, and private
non-profit sectors. Multiple methods and measures are taken by various
countries for these four types of statistical objects according to their actual
situation, with the institutions engaging in no or little R&D activities excluded
from the scope of survey and the volume of their statistical work reduced on
the premises of not affecting the data accuracy. Typically, the below methods
are taken: (1) for government agencies, the scope of statistics is limited to the

75 | I S I W S C 2 0 1 9