Page 180 - Contributed Paper Session (CPS) - Volume 7

CPS2056 Nurul Hafizah Azizan et al.
to find the answers to the research questions. Thus, the researchers should
ensure that they follow the correct procedures and processes required in
developing a questionnaire as a research instrument. This includes emphasis
on the suitable rating scales to be used. At times, this needs to be refined in
order to enhance the quality of the data and utilization of research findings
for the purpose of decision making. Usually the quality of the questionnaire to
be used for the survey will be assessed through validity and reliability indexes.
Validity and reliability are two different concepts. According to Sekaran and
Bougie (2016), validity is a test of how well an instrument that is developed
measures the particular concept it is intended to measure while reliability is an
indication of consistency that the instrument measures the concept it is
measuring. This paper highlights the effect of choice of rating scales used in
survey research on validity and reliability the measurement instrument.

2. Methodology
In general, for this review, there are three main stages that have been
followed which comprise of Searching Process, Screening Process and
Systematic Review Process (Fig. 1). This review was conducted within a period
from September 2018 to December 2018. A total of 50 articles were extracted
to be reviewed. These include those considered from Google Scholar,
ScienceDirect and Scopus. The eligibility of the articles to be included in this
study was confirmed through screening process. In order to ensure the validity
of the journal sources, all articles obtained from Google Scholar were
examined through Scimago and WoS online system.
As shown in Figure 1, a total of 50 articles were extracted through
databases mentioned above. Out of 50, 25 articles were obtained from Google
Scholar, 10 from ScienceDirect and 15 from Scopus databases. All these articles
were assessed for their eligibility to be included in this review. Seventeen
duplicate articles were excluded, and 8 articles removed as they were not
published within the year range of 1990 and 2018. Ten articles were also
excluded as they were not indexed either in Scopus and ISI. Thus, out of 50,
only 15 articles were eligible and chosen to be reviewed at the final stage.

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