Page 56 - Special Topic Session (STS) - Volume 1

STS364 Maria F.
knowledge, skills and competences. General education includes education
programs that are designed to prepare participants for entry into vocational
education but do not prepare for employment in a particular occupation or
trade.
Non-formal education is provided by an educational provider. It is an
addition, alternative and/or complement to formal education. It may not have
a continuous pathway structure, typically in the form of short-courses,
workshops or seminars. Though the qualifications of non-formal education
programs are mostly not recognized as formal qualifications, they are more
focused on life and work skill training, social or cultural development. Non-
formal education includes training in a workplace to improve and adapt
existing qualifications and skills and training for unemployed or economically
inactive persons. ISCED 2011 does not give methodology for organizing
mapping for non-formal programs and qualifications, recommends to use the
criteria of content equivalency.
Informal learning and incidental or random learning are not measured by
ISCED. Informal learning includes intentional/deliberate learning activity that
is not institutionalized, it occurs in the family, workplace, local community and
daily life. Incidental or random learning occurs as a by-product of day-to-day
activities, event or communication. In professional context both informal and
incidental/ random learning have high efficiency, because of high personal
motivation.
The relationship between tertiary education sector and labour market is
represented in fig. 2.

Fig 2. Interrelation between tertiary education sector and labour market

3. Results
3.1 Currently ILO Draft Guidelines concerning measurement of
qualifications and skills mismatches of persons in employment 2018 do not
make difference between formal and informal employment. Relevant
information on quality and skill mismatch of people with informal employment

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