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STS364 Maria F.
could be from interviewing the households. Direct measurement of
employment in the informal sector as well as informal employment is low
among the developed countries. Though informal employment is difficult for
measuring, the ILO notes the importance of the topic and the increasing
demand for information by many users, it is important to understand the
contribution to GDP of the informal sector.
3.2 International data collection on education is mainly focused on formal
education. The heterogeneity of non-formal education makes it difficult to
develop general guidelines for data collection and analysis. Non-formal
education programs have great influence on labour market in terms of skills,
as the programs are focused less on theoretical learning and more on skill
training.
3.3 ISCED is designed to classify the activities of educational institutions
due internationally agreed categories, it has no focus to assess the
competences of individuals. It collects data on participants, entrants,
graduates and educational attainment due to educational level, orientation
and field of study. The methodology cannot be used for evaluating the
efficiency of educational programs in relation to measuring the skills obtained,
only for the qualifications.
3.4 To evaluate the efficiency of tertiary education system in meeting the
demands of labour market we suggest to add the following information to the
survey measuring the skill level of the person in employment: with every skill
that the respondent assesses he puts information about the
place/program/institution where he developed it. Not only this data will help
to understand the efficiency of educational programs, but also to compare the
efficiency of formal, non-formal and informal educational sectors.
3.5 If the survey contains information about formal/informal employment
of the respondent, it will be possible to make the analysis of professional skills
to be developed when switching from one employment category to another.

4. Discussion and Conclusion
We are living in the age when in developed countries employment can be
characterized by two major factors: 1. in comparison to previous generations
the working period in the life of the person has increased (we observe both
the shift of retirement age and a big share of people continue working after
retirement both in formal and informal sectors); 2. in situation of digital
revolution there is a transformational change in the skills demanded by labour
market. As the speed of changes is increasing, people are having more than
one job during their life. In this situation both for the economy of countries
and households it is important that people are ready and have access to
efficient life-long educational programs providing the good return on
investments. For this it is crucially important to have the up-to-date picture on

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