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CPS1931 Arman B. et al.
            stakeholders to map policy onto data availability and enables articulation of
            new data requirements as well as an opportunity to strengthen content of
            policies. The tool is developed to identify existing unmet demand for data, lack
            of demand and potential demands for the future, and mismatch between data
            demand and supply.

            3.   Features of the tool
                EPIC consists of three major  components: Issues for Action and Target
            Groups; core concepts; and linking core concepts with Issues for Action and
            Target Groups to develop a national sustainable development indicator set.
            The Issues for Action, Target Groups and core concepts serve as inputs in the
            process, while the indicator set is in effect one of the key outputs that emerges
            from  the  process  of  policy-data  integration  and  systematic  user-producer
            engagement.

            Issues for Action and Target Groups
                While Issues for Action signify specific national or local concerns on which
            the policy or plan intends to act or make an intervention, the Issues for Action
            would  make  more  sense  when  the  policy connects  it  with  a  Target  Group
            pointing out specifically for whom/what the action is being taken or who/what
            is likely to benefit from the action. It should be noted Target Groups are not
            just  population  groups  e.g.  women,  children,  unemployed,  poor,  families,
            households,  etc.  (covering  the  social  dimension),  but  also  enterprises,
            establishments,  sectors  etc.  (economic  dimension);  oceans,  mountains,
            freshwater, cities, forests, species, etc. (environmental dimension), as well as
            service providers, agencies, organizations, etc. (institutional dimension).

            Core concepts
                The  second  component,  core  concepts,  are  derived  from  existing
            international conventions and declarations ratified or adopted by UN member
            States such as such as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (underlying
                                                                                      4
            principles for core concepts covering the social and institutional dimensions);
            principles  for  inclusive  economic  growth  (underlying  principles  for  core
            concepts covering the economic core concepts);  and Rio 92 Declaration on
                                                            5
            Environment and Development (underlying principles for the environmental
                            6
            core  concepts).  The  tool  has  identified  29  core  concepts  and  countries
            applying the tool are free to identify additional core concepts if considered
            relevant.  The  initial  draft  of  core  concepts  was  inspired  by  the  list  of core
            concepts  in a  tool called  Equiframe  which  was  developed  to  assess  public

            4  https://www.un.org/en/udhrbook/pdf/udhr_booklet_en_web.pdf
            5  https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/index.php?page=view&type=400&nr=893&menu=1561
            6  https://www.un.org/documents/ga/conf151/aconf15126-1annex1.htm.
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