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IPS129 Claudia V. et al.
provides other information on the nature of the crimes, the characteristics of
the criminals and the relationship between victims and criminals. One of the
major results of this survey, is the perception of the security and the fear and
worry of suffering crimes), and the perceived risk of crime in the area where
you live, of the relationship with the police and the strategies implemented by
families and families to defend themselves.
The crimes considered are the theft, pickpocketing, theft of personal
belongings, robbery, and the threat e aggression, credit card cloning, fraud,
some computer crimes, vehicle theft and vehicle parts, theft of objects from
vehicles, theft at home and unauthorized entry, the acts of vandalism, theft
and mistreatment of animals. The estimate of violence against women who,
requesting a particular methodology, it is detected with ad hoc surveys.
Starting from the micro-data of the Citizen Security survey, lead in 1997;
2002; 2008-2009 and 2015-2016, a dynamic factor analysis was carried out to
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draw a picture synthetic on the perception of security. Several indicators
were considered that characterize a phenomenon so complex, linked to
individual subjective factors (personal vulnerability) and objective (concern of
undergoing particular crimes, living in certain areas more or less at crime risk).
The dynamic factor analysis was dedicated to the statistical treatment of data
classified according to the three criteria (or modes, see Tucker 1966): statistical
unit, quantitative variable and temporal opportunity for data collection. This
type of data can be represented, by means of an array or cubic array of data
X (Law and others, 1984) whose generic element is xijt, where i = 1, ..., I is the
unit index, j = 1, ..., J is the variable index and t = 1, ..., T is the index of times.
The method can be applied when the same variables are observed on the
same statistical units on different occasions. Several statistical models have
been proposed to analyse this type of data: the Dynamic Factor Analysis (DFA)
is the Italian proposal (Coppi, Zannella, 1979).
The factorial analysis has led to summarizing the phenomenon of safety
perception with three main dimensions:
- the first relating to the insecurity motivated by crime and the
degradation of the area in which we live and the poor control of the
police;

10 The indicators analyzed are: feeling more or less well at night at home or on the street in your
neighborhood; comes out at least once a week evening; bring at least something with him to defend himself;
do not go out in the evening or at night alone because you are afraid (often or expected); puts the safe at
the car doors when he is alone out of fear; the fear of crime is kept away from certain roads out of fear; is
very or fairly worried about being subjected to certain crimes (robbery, theft, sexual violence, car theft or
housing); the area where you live is quite a crime risk and crime has increased in the last period; the
interviewee often sees tramps, people who take drugs or sell drugs, prostitutes, acts of vandalism, see
degraded areas, and poor lighting; the interviewee don’t seen police forces and they control little or for
nothing and pass at least once a week in the street of residence. Each indicator was calculated as a
percentage of 'yes' to the above indicators, age range, region and municipal typology in they live.
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