Page 165 - Contributed Paper Session (CPS) - Volume 2

CPS1494 Senthilvel V. et al.
1. Introduction
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is commonly called as diabetes, it is a chronic
disease World Health Organization and it is caused by the deficiency in the
production of insulin by the pancreas or by a deficit of the insulin produced in
the human body. DM is a metabolic disorder in which there are high blood
sugar levels over a long period in the human blood. DM causes considerable
morbidity and mortality, affecting about 180 million people worldwide World
Health Organization and the Royal College of Ophthalmologists
(2013). In some of the studies, the blindness from diabetes is almost entirely
preventable with early diagnosis, controlling the risk factors and timely
treatments with ophthalmologist the Diabetic Retinopathy Study Research
Group (1981) and Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study Research Group
(1991). It is a public health problem both in developing and developed
countries. The disease is classified into two according to the distinct groups
of patients. They are type I diabetes and type II diabetes. Its prevalence is
getting increased day by day due to variations have taken place in both
demographic and epidemiology as a result of urbanization, industrialization,
and globalization. Its prevalence is calculated to increase from 4% in 1995 to
5.4% by 2025. While considering diabetes prevalence, there is a 42% increase
in developed countries and 170% increase in the developing countries. As per
the new statistical result, there are approximately 33 million diabetic adults in
India. India is becoming as diabetes mellitus patients’ capital of the world
within the year 2025 predicted by Wild, S. et al (2004).
Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is a microvascular complication of diabetes
mellitus Cheung, N et al. (2010) [6]. DR causes complete blindness in both
developing and developed countries. There is 25 times chance of getting
blindness in diabetics than non-diabetics. Though Diabetes Mellitus causes
many microvascular complications, retinopathy is considered to be the main
morbidity as it threatens vision. DR is causing blindness in the world level and
70% people were affected those who were living in under developing income
countries Diabetic Retinopathy PPP – Updated (2017) and Tapp, R.J. et al.
(2003). Diabetic Retinopathy is a dreadful complication and every part of the
eye will be affected. The factors responsible for the development of Diabetic
Retinopathy are the duration of diabetes, poor glycemic control, age and
gender, hypertension, nephropathy, genetics, serum lipids, anemia, puberty,
socioeconomic status, pregnancy The Diabetic Retinopathy Study Research
Group (1981), Chakrabarti, R. et al. (2012), Kim J.H, et al. (2011), and
Vasudevan, S. (2017). Duration of Diabetes Mellitus and glycemic control has
a direct and indirect relationship between DR. Hypertension is also increases
the risk of DR in a Type II DM patients. The main objectives of our present
study were to determine the prevalence of Diabetic Retinopathy among

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