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CPS1494 Senthilvel V. et al.
The association and mean differences the between variables were found
by using bi-variate analysis Chi-Square test and t-test. Out of 123 normal total
cholesterol patients, 87 (70.7%) patients were not having DR and 36 (29.3%)
were having DR and in 27 abnormal total cholesterol patients, 24 (88.9%) were
not having DR and 3 (11.1%) were having DR which was statistically merely
significant with p=0.05. except the variables like age, gender, Body Mass Index
(BMI), duration of Hypertension, educational status, family history of DM,
smoking habit, alcohol consumption, duration of hypertension which were
statistically not significant with p-value > 0.05. The mean duration of DM and
mean HbA1C were statistically highly significant with p<0.01. 35 DR patients
mean FBS was 160.25 ± 55.79 and the mean FBS of 100 non-DR group was
136.84 ± 44.30 which was statistically significant with p<0.05 and age wasn’t
statistically significant with p>0.05 as shown in Table – 1. The duration since
diagnosis of DM was < 10 years in 42.7%, ≥ 10 years in 34.9% and ≥ 15 years
in 39.3%. The association between groups (with and no DR) and duration of
DM were very highly significant with p-value < 0.01 as shown in Figure - 2.

Figure: 2 Association between groups (with and without DR) and duration of
DM

We have used Binary Logistic Regression equation with backward
conditional analysis to predict the influencing factor to develop the diabetic
retinopathy among Type II DM patients. From binary logistic regression, the
above results were obtained and Hosmer-Lemeshow test was showed a
goodness of fit with Chi-Square value was 2.891 and the corresponding p-
value was 0.941 which wasn’t statistically significant with P-value >
0.05. Therefore from this, we have concluded that the Chi-Square value wasn’t
significant and this was proved the model was a good fit. ie., the selected
variables were perfectly fit to that binary logistic regression equation model
approach. In the backward elimination step-3, we have got HbA1C, FBS,
smoking habit, intake of tablet/insulin, duration of DM and duration of
hypertension are significant with P-value <0.05 except age and total
Cholesterol. The included variables and their odds ratio, significance and 95%
Confidence Interval (95% C.I) were as shown in Table – 2.

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